Articles
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Acyl transfer-enabled catalytic asymmetric Michael addition of α-hydroxy-1-indanones to nitroolefins
Chem Synth 2023;3:17. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.35AbstractWe report herein an enantioselective acyl transfer protocol via electrophile activation. The reaction cascade sequence ... MOREWe report herein an enantioselective acyl transfer protocol via electrophile activation. The reaction cascade sequence encompasses dinuclear zinc-catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization, and retro-Claisen reaction, which leads to a step- and atom-economic approach to a variety of protected cyclic tertiary α-hydroxyketones in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (24 examples, 56%-82% yield, 1.5-13 dr and 79%-96% ee). Besides, the large-scale synthesis and further transformation of the products demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for organic synthesis. LESS Full articleResearch Article|Published on: 24 Mar 2023 -
Host-guest assemblies for improved photothermal cancer therapy
Chem Synth 2023;3:16. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.45AbstractPhotothermal cancer therapy has attracted plenty of attention in the last decades due to its ... MOREPhotothermal cancer therapy has attracted plenty of attention in the last decades due to its promising efficacy, spatiotemporal control, negligible drug resistance, etc. However, to achieve widespread clinical application, studies in the field of photothermal therapy still need to focus on the improvement of efficacy and the minimization of side effects. Host-guest assemblies, constructed by the inclusion of small molecular guests into macrocyclic hosts through non-covalent interactions, are featured with unique microenvironments and flexible, dynamic nature. Based on the abovementioned advantages, host-guest assemblies show great potential in photothermal therapy. However, presumably, the endeavors of host-guest assemblies-based photothermal therapy have not been systematically discussed. Hence, to benefit the design of advanced host-guest assembly-based photothermal agents and promote the development of photothermal therapy, in this review, the major achievements of host-guest assemblies in photothermal cancer therapy, including the enhancement of photothermal conversion efficiency, the improvement of targeted distribution at tumor sites, and the superiority of constructing photothermal therapy-derived multimodal synergistic therapy, are discussed. In addition, the future perspectives on host-guest assemblies-based photothermal therapy are outlined. LESS Full articleReview|Published on: 22 Mar 2023 -
Metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts towards acidic ORR in PEMFC: fundamentals, durability challenges, and improvement strategies
Chem Synth 2023;3:15. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.36AbstractMetal-Nitrogen-Carbon (M-N-C) materials are the most promising Platinum-group-metal (PGM)-free catalysts in replacing the high-cost and ... MOREMetal-Nitrogen-Carbon (M-N-C) materials are the most promising Platinum-group-metal (PGM)-free catalysts in replacing the high-cost and scarce Pt catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, while striking improvement of M-N-C catalysts has been reached in activity, the headache degradation problems hinder their real-world application. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the durability of the M-N-C catalyst for oxygen reaction reduction (ORR). The fundamental understanding and identification of the ORR performance of M-N-C catalysts are discussed. Meanwhile, the standard methods to evaluate and predict the ORR performance of the PGM-free catalysts are suggested. We mainly introduce the durability challenges of the M-N-C catalyst and explain the inactivation mechanism in detail. The proposed solution and useful strategies to alleviate catalyst degradation are systematically summarized to overcome the durability bottlenecks. LESS Full articleReview|Published on: 22 Mar 2023 -
Selenium nanomaterials enabled flexible and wearable electronics
Chem Synth 2023;3:14. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.33AbstractSelenium (Se), as an intriguing chalcogenide semiconductor, has traditionally been used for solar energy harvesting. ... MORESelenium (Se), as an intriguing chalcogenide semiconductor, has traditionally been used for solar energy harvesting. The recent development of nanoscience and nanotechnology has enabled a myriad of Se nanomaterials with compelling structures and unique features. Compared with other chalcogens, Se nanomaterials possess anisotropic crystalline structure, intrinsic chirality, and high reactivity, as well as unique optical, electrical, photoconductive, and piezoelectrical properties. The integration of these Se nanomaterials with technologically important materials, such as conductors and semiconductors, over flexible, bendable, stretchable, and highly curved substrates offer a new generation of Se nanomaterial-based flexible and wearable electronics. In this mini review, we survey the recent scientific and technological breakthroughs in Se nanomaterials-enabled flexible and wearable electronics. We highlight the synthesis, fabrication, morphologies, structure, and properties (optical, electrical, optoelectrical, photovoltaic, and piezoelectric) of Se nanomaterials as well as their integration into innovative functional devices that deliver higher forms of applications across smart sensing, health care, and energy domains. We conclude with a critical analysis of existing challenges and opportunities that will trigger the continued progress of the field. LESS Full articleReview|Published on: 20 Mar 2023 -
Luminescent alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine-containing conjugated polymers: synthesis, characterization and photophysical studies
Chem Synth 2023;3:13. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.43AbstractA series of alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complexes and alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine-containing conjugated polymers with different polymer backbones ... MOREA series of alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine complexes and alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine-containing conjugated polymers with different polymer backbones has been synthesized, and their spectroscopic properties and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes has been investigated. The platinum(II)-containing polymers exhibit dual emissive features with emission maxima at ca. 416-465 nm and ca. 671-673 nm, which are assigned to be originated from singlet intraligand (1IL) excited states from the polymer backbone and triplet metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MMLCT) excited states from the platinum(II) pendants, respectively. The Förster radii (R0) of the platinum(II)-containing conjugated polymers have been determined, and their distinctive thermo-responsive luminescence changes have also been observed. The present work has demonstrated the utilization of “click” reaction for the preparation of platinum(II)-containing conjugated polymers, which show unique photophysical and spectroscopic properties. Through the judicious design, this type of platinum(II)-containing polymer is found to be sensitive to temperature, resulting in ratiometric emission changes. This study has provided valuable insights into the preparation of metal-containing polymeric systems for different applications. LESS Full articleResearch Article|Published on: 9 Mar 2023 -
Application of sulfonium and sulfoxonium ylides in organocatalyzed asymmetric reaction
Chem Synth 2023;3:12. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2023.01AbstractSulfur-based ylides are very important and valuable reagents in organic synthesis and have been widely ... MORESulfur-based ylides are very important and valuable reagents in organic synthesis and have been widely applied in the preparation of cyclic compounds and the formation of C-X (X = C, N, O, S, B, P) bond. Since the early 2000s, asymmetric organocatalysis has become a powerful strategy in organic synthesis (even highlighted by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) and has attracted widespread research interest among synthetic organic chemists. In this area, a large number of outstanding achievements have been registered in the novel chiral catalysts design, new compounds synthesis, various reagents application, and versatile reaction discovery. Given the extensive application of sulfonium and sulfoxonium ylides in organic synthesis, in this review, we mainly summarize the organocatalyzed asymmetric reactions involving these ylide reagents as one of the reactants. Detailed reaction mechanisms, transition states and some synthetic applications are highlighted. The challenges and opportunities of this field are also discussed in the outlook. LESS Full articleReview|Published on: 1 Mar 2023 -
Enantioselective synthesis of 3-arylindole atropisomers via organocatalytic indolization of iminoquinones
Chem Synth 2023;3:11. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.46AbstractThe direct enantioselective construction of axially chiral 3-arylindole frameworks via nucleophilic addition of 2-substituted indoles ... MOREThe direct enantioselective construction of axially chiral 3-arylindole frameworks via nucleophilic addition of 2-substituted indoles to iminoquinones has been achieved with high efficiencies under mild chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalytic conditions. The utility of this method was demonstrated in successful scale-up syntheses without compromising the product yields and enantioselectivities. The oxidation of products yields axially chiral heteroaryl-p-quinone monoimine, which could be subjected to structural diversification via addition of nucleophiles. LESS Full articleResearch Article|Published on: 27 Feb 2023 -
Recent advances in porous adsorbent assisted atmospheric water harvesting: a review of adsorbent materials
Chem Synth 2023;3:10. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.40AbstractWater shortage is an increasing threat to humankind. Porous sorbent assisted atmospheric water harvesting (psaAWH) ... MOREWater shortage is an increasing threat to humankind. Porous sorbent assisted atmospheric water harvesting (psaAWH) has emerged as an effective technological countermeasure. In this review, we summarize the types of porous adsorbents used in psaAWH and provide an overview of their states of development. The water adsorption mechanism and the processes associated with each material are analyzed, and the application prospects of the adsorbents are evaluated. The effect of the inherent properties (pore size, functional group, etc.) of the adsorbent on the water harvesting performance is also discussed. Further, we focus on the water adsorption/desorption kinetics of the adsorbents and outline various methods to improve the kinetics. At this stage, there are many strategies for improving the kinetics of the adsorbent, which in turn influences the adsorption process and intra/inter-crystalline diffusion. However, there is still limited research on the transport of water molecules in microporous adsorbents for psaAWH. Thus, this aspect is re-examined herein from a new perspective (superfluidity) in the review. Based on the discussion, we can reasonably infer that water molecule superfluidity can exist in nanoconfined channels, thus promoting the rapid transport of water molecules. The formation of water superfluidity is a feasible strategy for improving the intracrystalline diffusion of the psaAWH adsorbent. Finally, we consider the future developments and challenges of psaAWH in detail. We think this review can serve as a guide for further research in this ever-expanding field. LESS Full articleReview|Published on: 23 Feb 2023 -
Organocatalytic regio- and enantioselective formal [4 + 2]-annulation of chiral nitrogen-containing dipoles
Chem Synth 2023;3:9. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.44AbstractQuinidine-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective formal [4 + 2]-cycloadditions of 2-(4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-yl)acrylates with N-tosyl-2-methylenebut-3-enoates and 2-methylene-3-oxoalkanoates have ... MOREQuinidine-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective formal [4 + 2]-cycloadditions of 2-(4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-yl)acrylates with N-tosyl-2-methylenebut-3-enoates and 2-methylene-3-oxoalkanoates have been developed for the first time. The reaction features the in situ formation of chiral nitrogen-containing dipolar intermediates, a ring-opening/Michael addition/annulation cascade reaction, and works well over a broad substrate scope to furnish the tetrahydroquinolines in high yields with high asymmetric induction under mild conditions. LESS Full articleResearch Article|Published on: 15 Feb 2023 -
Recent advances in nonmetallic modulation of palladium-based electrocatalysts
Chem Synth 2023;3:8. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.34AbstractModulating the electrocatalytic performance of Palladium (Pd) with nonmetallic elements (e.g., H, B, C, N, ... MOREModulating the electrocatalytic performance of Palladium (Pd) with nonmetallic elements (e.g., H, B, C, N, O, P and S) has gained ever-increasing attention since their introduction has been proven to effectively modulate the 3d-electronic configuration and subsurface properties of Pd. In this review, the most advanced nonmetal-modified Pd-based catalysts are classified according to the different doped atoms (i.e., hydrides, borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, phosphides and sulfides) and critically reviewed to emphasize the roles of nonmetallic elements doping on various electrocatalytic reactions. In each section, the synthetic strategies developed to incorporate nonmetals are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the optimized approaches of nonmetals-doped Pd-based catalysts and corresponding electrocatalytic enhancement mechanisms are also discussed clearly. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives regarding nonmetal-modified Pd-based nanocatalysts are also outlined. LESS Full articleReview|Published on: 15 Feb 2023
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Advances in radical phosphorylation from 2016 to 2021
Chem Synth 2021;1:9. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2021.07AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds are of great significance in organic chemistry. Therefore, the construction of phosphorus-containing compounds ... MOREOrganophosphorus compounds are of great significance in organic chemistry. Therefore, the construction of phosphorus-containing compounds has attracted significant attention from organic chemists. Radical phosphorylation has become a powerful strategy for building organophosphorus compounds and numerous achievements have been realized in recent years. In this review, we summarize the development of the generation and application of phosphorus radicals in organic chemistry since 2016. Special emphasis is given to various new transformations involving the generation of P-centered radicals via transition metal catalytic, photochemical and electrochemical means. Recent advances in the development of metal-free catalytic phosphorylations involving P-centered radicals are also reviewed. LESS Full articleReview|Published on: 26 Aug 2021 -
Recent advances on the construction of diarylethene-based supramolecular metallacycles and metallacages via coordination-driven self-assembly
Chem Synth 2021;1:2. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2021.05AbstractDuring the past few years, the construction of diarylethene (DAE)-based supramolecular metallacycles and metallacages has ... MOREDuring the past few years, the construction of diarylethene (DAE)-based supramolecular metallacycles and metallacages has gained increasing attention due to their distinctive photophysical and photochemical properties and potential applications in magnetic switching, smart soft materials, photodynamic therapy, etc. Surprisingly, no review on the construction of discrete DAE-based supramolecular metallacycles and metallacages via coordination-driven self-assembly has been summarized to the best of our knowledge. Considering the rapid development of this field, it is time to summarize the recent development of the construction of discrete DAE-containing polygons and polyhedra. In this review, the construction of diarylethene-based metallacycles and metallacages via coordination-driven self-assembly is briefly introduced. In addition, the properties and applications of these metallacycles and metallacages are also discussed. LESS Full articleReview|Published on: 8 Jul 2021 -
Future prospects in boron chemistry: new boron compounds and Lewis acids for catalysis and materials science
Chem Synth 2021;1:10. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2021.11AbstractBoron-containing compounds have a wide range of structures and rich and multifaceted reactivity patterns. As ... MOREBoron-containing compounds have a wide range of structures and rich and multifaceted reactivity patterns. As a result, these compounds are being increasingly used in organometallic, supramolecular, organic and inorganic chemistry, as well as in catalysis and materials science. This perspective describes recent ground-breaking studies and their implications for the future development of new catalysts and materials containing one or several trivalent boron atoms. LESS Full articlePerspective|Published on: 23 Sep 2021 -
Gas probes and their application in gas therapy
Chem Synth 2021;1:3. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2021.04AbstractAs an emerging field, gas therapy attracts increasing attention because of its distinguishing features in ... MOREAs an emerging field, gas therapy attracts increasing attention because of its distinguishing features in disease treatment. However, to achieve a therapeutic effect, the concentration of gas should be carefully controlled. Thus, a suitable and convenient technology is required to monitor the gas concentration in vivo. Besides, the transportation of gas into human body and in vivo biodistribution of gas also need to be evaluated. Among the technologies adopted in gas therapy, fluorescence imaging technology is the first choice due to its high specificity, high sensitivity, and non-invasion. And as the core of fluorescence imaging, the properties of fluorescent dyes directly determine the quality of imaging. So, it is critical to choose suitable gas probes for different purposes. Here, we review common gas detection methods, including a brief introduction of fluorescence, the distinctive properties of five fluorophore cores, and the detection mechanisms of common gas probes. Then, the applications of gas probes in gas delivery, gas release, and gas therapy are summarized. At last, we discuss the potential of developing further intelligent gas probes and fluorescence imaging technologies for gas therapy. LESS Full articleReview|Published on: 6 Jul 2021 -
Schizophrenic behavior of 2,3-oxidosqualene sterol cyclase from pig liver towards 2,3-oxidosqualene analogs
Chem Synth 2021;1:6. DOI: 10.20517/cs.2021.03AbstractWe report the unusual behavior of oxidosqualene sterol cyclase from pig liver towards 2,3-oxidosqualene analogs ... MOREWe report the unusual behavior of oxidosqualene sterol cyclase from pig liver towards 2,3-oxidosqualene analogs bearing two alkyl groups different from a methyl, at their Δ18-19 double bond: unambiguous structure determinations of the products and tentative rational for their formation are described. LESS Full articleResearch Article|Published on: 3 Aug 2021
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Customization of functional MOFs by a modular design strategy for target applications
Research Article|Published on: 28 Jul 2022 -
Two-dimensional manganese oxide on ceria for the catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
Research Article|Published on: 16 Mar 2022 -
Recent advances in circularly polarized luminescence generated by inorganic materials
Review|Published on: 24 Feb 2022 -
Selenium confined in ZIF-8 derived porous carbon@MWCNTs 3D networks: tailoring reaction kinetics for high performance lithium-selenium batteries
Research Article|Published on: 28 Apr 2022 -
Nanostructured heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for green synthesis of valuable chemicals
Review|Published on: 27 Apr 2022
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