fig6

Figure 6. (A) The transient photocurrent response curves of BiVO₄ and Au/BiVO₄ catalysts; (B) EIS plots of BiVO₄ and Au/BiVO₄ catalysts; (C) Active species capture experiments in piezo-photocatalytic processes; ESR spectra of (D) DMPO-O₂^•- and (E) DMPO-•OH; (F) Surface enhanced Raman scattering testing of 4-MBA on the BiVO₄ and 3Au/BiVO₄ heterostructure; (G) Schematic illustration for (010) and (110) surface heterojunction; (H) Schematic diagram of piezo-/photocatalytic mechanism. BiVO₄: Bismuth vanadate; EIS: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; ESR: electron spin resonanc; DMPO: 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide; 4-MBA: 4-mercaptobenzoic acid.